SA’s hosting of FIFA World Cup brought economic benefits

The hosting of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, which has pumped an estimated R93-billion into the local economy, has rebranded South Africa and created a favourable climate for direct foreign investment and tourism growth, says KPMG senior economist Frank Blackmore.
"One does not have to be an economist to know that things went well," he said at a KPMG post-2010 World Cup panel discussion in Johannesburg this week.
The June 11 to July 11 sporting event contributed around 0,5% to South Africa's yearly gross domestic product growth, and from around 4% to 6% to the country's quarterly growth.
Currently, South Africa's tourism rate is around 20% higher than it would normally have been for this season of the year, and it is believed that for every ten tourist coming into the country, one job opportunity is created.
A recent survey by African Response found that 96% of World Cup visitors to South Africa said that they would possibly return to the country, while 92% would recommend the country to friends and family as a holiday destination.
Murray & Roberts construction executive director Trevor Fowler, who also participated in the KPMG panel discussion, said that the money spent on infrastructure for the event had provided South Africa, as a developing country, with some "much-needed" infrastructure.
"Our roads have seen great improvement, public transport has been elevated to a level not experienced in the country before, we have built stadiums of the highest global standards and hotels, accommodation and other facilities had been constructed that can now be used by the people of South Africa, tourists entering its borders and other sporting events.
"In fact, the country had already received some enquiries from Brazil, that will be hosting the next World Cup in 2014, to assist them in their planning efforts."
Fowler further said that the Gautrain, for instance, had far exceeded expectations. "We initially estimated that between 3 000 to 6 000 people a day would use the train, and currently we are seeing around 13 000 people using the train a day on weekdays and 20 000 people on weekends.
"This has also shown us that a significant public private partnership, such as the Gautrain project, can be executed with great success."
Blackmore also pointed out that the almost R800-billion infrastructure "cracker" helped mitigate the effects of the global recession. "While the rest of the world were licking their financial wounds, we here in the south were beavering away."
Meanwhile, with South Africa's newly found confidence in hosting big sporting events, the country has indicated that it would consider putting in an official bid for the 2020 Olympic Games.
However, Fowler pointed out that this would essentially be quite different to hosting the soccer World Cup, seeing that there were a large number of different sports and events, and thousands of athletes that would have to be accommodated in one city over a three-week period.
He said that a lot of new infrastructure would be needed, such as large swimming pools and athletic tracks that would not necessarily be that easy to use after the event.
Nevertheless, Fowler said that the building of the infrastructure, especially in a developing country such as South Africa, could be beneficial.
He pointed out that government was also keen on continuous investment in the country's infrastructure, and that a national infrastructure plan was currently in development and would be put in place by the end of the year. "This also includes things such as pipelines, undersea cables and power infrastructure."
All in all, KPMG audit director Devon Duffield said that all the money that was spent during the 2010 World Cup was still circulating in South Africa, and that money that was circulating faster defined the creation of wealth.

Edited by: Creamer Media Reporter

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Foreign truck driver permit system delayed to late October

The North Gauteng High Court has ordered the Department of Home Affairs (DHA) to delay the implementation of its new work-permit regime for foreign truck drivers working for local companies, until October 28.

The DHA had begun enforcing a work permit regime for all foreign truck drivers working for local companies crossing the border into South Africa as of July 1.

Hitherto, foreign truck drivers working for South African companies could enter the country with a visitor's visa that was valid for 30 days.

However, the local trucking industry was heavily opposed to the July implementation of the new system, saying that there was a month-long backlog in the processing of the work permits by the DHA.

A group of nearly 30 trucking companies had lodged a court case against the implementation at the beginning of July.

The case had been up for argument in the court this week, during which time legal counsel for the DHA had provided the additional information sought by the court at the previous hearing.

The group of trucking companies had accepted the court’s decision to grant a three-month interim extension for the implementation of the work permit system, Global Migration SA MD Leon Isaacson told Engineering News Online.

If the DHA had not complied with the court’s order to grant the foreign drivers access or were not processing the work permit applications in time, the trucking companies would head back to court on October 28, to ask for a further extension.

Edited by: Mariaan Webb

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DoE making progress with SA energy plan – Peters

The Department of Energy (DoE) is progressing with the development of the second integrated resource plan, or IRP2010, and remains on track to deliver the document by September, Energy Minister Dipuo Peters told Engineering News Online on Friday.
Peters explained that consultations have been completed with working groups, and discussions would need to be held with the InterMinisterial Committee on energy before decisions were finalised.
The document would then be sent to the Cabinet, and if accepted, only then would it be made public.
The DoE is spearheading the IRP2010, which would determine South Africa's current and future energy requirements for the next 20 years.
Peters said previously that the country had reached a "delicate situation, which requires us to take bold and decisive decisions on whether to build coal-fired or nuclear power stations for baseload energy requirements".
Once decisions were articulated as to what percentage of energy was to be derived from which specific resources, it was expected to accelerate investment by the private sector.

Edited by: Mariaan Webb

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Preparing the way for the SKA international radio telescope

The design of and preparations for the €1,5-billion international Square Kilometre Array (SKA) project are being driven out of a suite of offices in the University of Manchester, in England. These house the SKA Programme Development Office (SPDO).
The SKA itself will be sited either in South Africa (in the Karoo, in the Northern Cape province, with outstations in some other African countries) or in Australia (with out- stations in New Zealand). The final decision on the siting of the instrument, which will be the biggest radio telescope ever built, is planned to be made in early 2012.
The University of Manchester, which is one of the world’s leading centres for radio astronomy, won the tender to host the SPDO. The university hosts the headquarters of both the world-renowned Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics (JBCA) and of the UK’s Merlin long baseline interferometry (LBI) radio telescope network. All three agencies are housed in the same building.
The SKA project is currently managed by the SKA Science and Engineering Committee (SSEC), which is headed by a small executive committee. In addition, an Agencies SKA Group (ASG), composed of the national funding agencies which will pay for the SKA, concerns itself with the high-level policy issues of funding options, the site selection process and the short and long-term governance of the project.
“The SSEC is composed of leading scientists and engineers in the SKA collaboration who are responsible for the scientific and technical directions taken by the international project. The executive committee of the SSEC has teleconferences with the director of the SPDO every month,” explains SKA South Africa associate director: science and engineering, Professor Justin Jonas, who is one of South Africa’s representatives on the SSEC and a member of its executive committee. “The ASG liaises with the SSEC but is not in charge of the SSEC. In fact, neither the SSEC nor the ASG is a formally established legal entity. There is limited central SKA funding at the moment; development work is for the most part funded by institutions across the globe from local sources of money. This is expected to change within a year or two to a more centralised funding system.”
PROJECT PROGRESS

“Our office was formally set up on January 1, 2003. We now have 16 people and our job is to coordinate the international effort in developing and maintaining the science case and coordinating the systems design for the SKA and carrying out the characterisation of the two candidate sites for the SKA,” reports SPDO director Professor Richard Schilizzi. (Schilizzi was born in the UK, brought up in Australia, worked for many years in the Netherlands and recently returned to work and live in Britain.) “Our budget is currently about €700 000 a year, which comes from a common fund contributed by the SKA partner institutions and agencies around the world, plus from the European Union seventh research framework programme (or FP7) project, PrepSKA.” (PrepSKA is an acronym for the Preparatory Phase of the SKA).
“The process by which the final site decision is reached is still to be formally established. But the contours are becoming clear,” he adds. “It’ll involve a period in the latter half of this year and the first quarter of next year, in which the selection criteria are determined and the weights to be given to those criteria agreed on.” This will all have to be finished by the end of March 2011, because that is when the characterisation of the two sites (in South Africa and Australia) shortlisted for the SKA is set to be concluded.
This site characterisation – which includes determining the radio frequency interference (RFI) at both sites, using identical equipment – is being funded under FP7 PrepSKA. The RFI measuring systems are housed in a South African-designed container and include an Australian spectrometer, and have undergone acceptance trials in South Africa, with a combined team of SPDO, South African and Australian engineers.
A lot of other work is also going on. Under FP7 PrepSKA, there are seven work packages.
These are: Management, Systems Design, Site Characterisation, Governance, Procure-ment and Interactions with Industry, Funding Options and the Implementation Plan (including discussion of the nonscience benefits of the SKA).
The Governance, Procurement and Funding work packages are categorised as policy work packages and are led by funding agencies in individual European countries – Governance by the Netherlands, Procurement by Italy and Funding by the UK. For example, under the Governance work package there is a working group looking at potential legal entities to own and operate the SKA. There is currently a partnership agreement between the SKA programme members but this runs out next year, and could either be renewed or replaced.
“We’re certainly making good progress. We’re working to a schedule partly dictated by the FP7 funding from Brussels,” assures Schilizzi. “Just recently, we agreed on the baseline design for phase one. We’re about to start looking at the configuration of the telescope – how we would put down the SKA at either site. We plan to have a costed system design for the telescope by the end of 2012.”
DESIGN CONCEPTS
Both South Africa and Australia are developing precursor telescopes for the SKA. Both will take the form of arrays of dish antennas. (It should be noted that the selection of the site for the SKA, and selection of the technologies to be used in the instrument, are completely separate issues.)
The South African project is designated MeerKAT and comprises up to 80 dishes and is expected to start doing science in 2013. Its prototype, the seven-dish MeerKAT Precursor Array (MPA – also known as KAT-7), in the Karoo, is now operational for engineering tests.
The Australian project is named Askap (Australian SKA Pathfinder) and will comprise 36 dishes. The first of these is now operational, and Askap is also expected to be finished and fully operational in 2013. Both these instruments will provide input for the final design of the SKA. However, the SKA will not merely be a very large MeerKAT or Askap.
The latest baseline design for the SKA involves three compact arrays, or cores, each containing a separate array. One would be an array of dish antennas and the other two would be aperture arrays, consisting of many small ‘elemental’ antennas, arranged in groups of tens, hundreds or even thousands of elements. One of the aperture arrays would be optimised for long wavelengths (this being the sparse aperture array) and the other for shorter wavelengths (the dense aperture array). The aperture arrays are fixed in position but can be steered electronically to point at different parts of the sky and can even point in more than one direction simultaneously. (Previously, the concept had been a single core with planar arrays in the centre, surrounded by a broad ring of dishes.)
“Each of these core arrays will be about 5 km in diameter,” states SPDO international project engineer Professor Peter Dewdney, a Canadian. “This configuration was formally adopted only recently by the SSEC. Each core will house a different technology . . . because each technology covers a different range of wavelengths (and, so, frequencies). For the SKA, we’re talking about wavelengths of about 4 m to about 3 cm – it could be 2 cm. We call the antennas ‘receptors’ and no single receptor design can cover this entire range of wavelengths. But covering all these wavelengths will allow the SKA to examine a very wide range of celestial objects and phenomena.”
In the sparse aperture array, the antennas will take the form of two crossed dipoles. These – and other planar antennas – have very small electrical voltages induced in them by the incoming radio waves. The signals from the array elements are combined digitally to produce a usable signal. Recording, pro- cessing and analysing these signals provides information about the source of the radio waves. The sparse aperture array will cover the wavelengths ranging from 4 m to 1 m, and prototypes of these antennas are expected to start operation in 2012 or 2013.
The dish array will cover the wavelength range from 1 m to 3 cm or even 2 cm, if the dishes can be manufactured accurately enough. “We have avant garde dish designs – avant garde in several respects, from both the manufacturing side and the electronics side,” highlights Dewdney. “But the principle of all dish designs is the same – they’re basically radio mirrors which concentrate incoming radio waves at a point we call the focus of the dish.”
Regarding manufacturing, radio telescope dishes have traditionally been made from metal, but, for the SKA, composite dishes have been developed and are being tested. “Composite dishes are being pioneered simultaneously and separately by South Africa and Canada,” he highlights. “The scale and accuracy involved in the production of composite dishes are unprecedented.”
Canada is using carbon fibre to produce both the dish and its support structure, while
South Africa’s composite dishes (which do not use carbon fibre) use both metal and composite support structures. To date, Canada has built one 10-m-diameter composite dish, while South Africa has built eight – the single 15-m Experiment Demonstrator Model (XDM), at the Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory, in Gauteng province, west of Pretoria, and the MPA’s seven 12-m dishes.
But composite dishes do not reflect radio waves by themselves, so they must be fitted with a metallic radio reflecting surface in order to work. “The XDM dish uses a flame-sprayed aluminium surface. A layer of aluminium powder was sprayed on to the mould and the composite material and laid on top,” explains SKA South Africa (SKA SA) associate director Anita Loots. “This is quite labour intensive but it gives the dish a solid reflective surface, which means no avoidable restrictions on the wavelengths it can receive.”
The Canadian and the seven South African MPA dishes, however, have metallic meshes embedded in them to reflect radio waves. This approach is easier and cheaper than that used for the XDM. Unfortunately, the size and shape of the mesh limits the radio frequencies the dishes can receive. So it is essential to determine the optimum mesh design to achieve maximum dish performance. Thus, the first three South African MPA dishes each have a different design of mesh embedded in them, while the Canadian dish uses a fourth design.
“There is quite a lot of research and develop- ment (R&D) still to be done on the dishes,” says Loots. “Only when we have completed the test programme will a decision be made on which approach to use for MeerKAT. But ours (the MPA) is the first composite array in the world that actually works.”
The Canadian dish is likely to be used in the SKA Dish Verification Programme led by the US Technology Development Programme (TDP). The TDP antenna is expected to be a prototype for the SKA dishes and will be built and tested in the US.
“The composites industry is developing rapidly,” points out Dewdney. “New composites are developed all the time. Strength to weight ratios are improving, costs are coming down and the chemistry is improving.”
For Askap, the Australians plan to use 12-m-diameter metal dishes, saving on costs by having them manufactured in China. All the dish designs proposed for the SKA will be examined in the Dish Verification Programme, the outcome of which will determine which design is adopted for the SKA.
Whatever dish design is chosen, it is intended that they will be capable of accommodating phased array feeds. “Like the aperture arrays, phased array feeds will be able to observe in several directions at the same time, like a multipixel camera, whereas traditional dishes can look in only one direction at a time with the equivalent of a single pixel,” explains Dewdney. “Phased array feed technology is being pioneered in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands and the US. A group in the Netherlands has actually demonstrated astronomical capability with phased array feeds using a prototype on the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope.”
Dense aperture arrays are more complicated to develop than sparse arrays because the electrical voltages induced in their antennas interact with each other because they are closely packed together. Characterisation of this behaviour and its calibration will determine the performance of the dense array.
“Alternative technologies for the dense aperture arrays are being developed in the UK and the Netherlands. While work on sparse aperture arrays is pretty much global, dense aperture development work is con- centrated in Europe,” he states. (For infor- mation on the British development work, see Engineering News, July 9, 2010.)
For all the different types of antennas, there are two primary parameters that have to be met: the best possible efficiency in trans- ferring the incoming radio waves to electrical signals, and low instrumental noise (inter- ference). Digital systems, as will be used in the SKA, generate significant amounts of radio frequency interference. It is of paramount importance that measures are taken to contain this interference and not allow it to feed back into the antennas and dwarf the signals which the telescope seeks to detect.
It is expected that R&D on the dense aperture array and the phased array feeds for dish antennas will advance sufficiently to allow a decision to be made on their use during 2016.
FIBRE-OPTIC WIZARD
MeerKAT, Askap and (hopefully) the TDP are not the only SKA precursors/pathfinders, nor are all SKA precursors/pathfinders concerned mainly with antenna and signal processing technology. In the UK, a major upgrade of the country’s Merlin (Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network) LBI network will also contribute to development of key SKA technology.
Interferometry involves using two or more radio telescope dishes (or other antennas) to look at the same object in the sky. The signals received by each dish are fed into a com- puter and, because the dishes are not in exactly the same place (even if they they are only a few tens of metres apart), the distance travelled by the signals to each is not identical and combining them creates an interference pattern that can be analysed by computer to provide high-resolution images of celestial objects.
The distance between the dishes is called the baseline. With long baseline interferometry, this baseline can be hundreds of kilometres long. With very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), the baseline can reach thousands of kilometres long. VLBI can involve radio tele-scopes in different continents. It can even involve radio telescopes on earth and in space.
Merlin is a permanent LBI network involving seven radio telescopes at six locations across England. The Merlin radio telescopes are also frequent participants in European VLBI network operations, where the baselines stretch across Europe.
Merlin’s heart is the Jodrell Bank observatory, in Cheshire, which has two of the network’s radio telescopes – the 53 year old, 76-m-diameter, 3 500-t mass Lovell (also known as the Mark 1A) instrument, which is the world’s third-largest fully steerable radio telescope, and the elliptical Mk 2 dish, which measures about 32 m along its main axis. The Jodrell Bank observatory is also the location of the Merlin correlator system. (A third, small, radio telescope at Jodrell Bank is not part of Merlin). The other five instruments in Merlin are at (from west to east) Knockin, Darnhall, Pickmere, Defford and Cambridge.
“The quality of the results in LBI is very highly dependent on the phase coherency of the individual elements in the network – every telescope has to observe the same source with the same timing and frequency phase reference,” explains JBCA digital systems engineer Chris Shenton. (He is also the digital systems engineer for UK PrepSKA). “To achieve this, we distribute a centralised reference frequency from Jodrell Bank, which is generated by a maser.” ‘Maser’ is an acronym for Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, and a maser produces a narrow beam of monochromatic coherent radiation.
Originally, in Merlin, this reference frequency was distributed to the other radio telescopes, and analogue signals from each telescope were transmitted back to Jodrell Bank through a UK-wide network of microwave links. This microwave network is now being replaced by a fibre-optic network in an upgrade called e-Merlin.
“With the Local Oscillator distributed over the fibre-optic network, we can achieve a very precise wide area timing distribution, with picosecond (0,000 000 000 001 of a second) resolution,” reports Shenton. “This is done using a centralised timing reference and local timing facilities. The central reference is used to periodically recalibrate the local timing references. e-Merlin will show one possible solution to the problem of how to carry out wide area timing and frequency phase distribution in the SKA.” This will be essential for the SKA, with its thousands of antennas and its tens of outstations.
So far, four of the Merlin radio telescopes have been linked by fibre optic cables, two of which are now also capable of receiving their timing via fibre. “We’ve already been running SKA-related experiments,” he highlights. “With the Darnhall radio telescope, which is some ten miles (17 km) south-east of Jodrell Bank, we successfully replaced the microwave link mechanism for transferring the reference phase with the fibre-optical link and demonstrated that the quality of the new link is both far superior and much more robust than the microwave link.”
Another experiment saw the successful testing last year of a small-scale direct digital receiver, which directly converted mid- frequency radio waves into digital signals. Currently, at many radio telescopes, high- frequency signals received are converted into a lower intermediate frequency (IF) before they undergo digital conversion. “We want to eliminate IF and have direct conversion to digital, because using IF has cost and complexity implications,” says Shenton, “We’re trying to simplify the system."

Edited by: Creamer Media Reporter

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Delayed European auto market recovery may prolong SA's export pain

South African vehicle and component manufacturers exporting to Europe are likely to face tough conditions until 2012, as mounting government debt and budget deficits continue to dampen demand on the continent.

One such manufacturer is Toyota South Africa Motors (TSAM), which exports its Corolla to the continent, with current production at 150 vehicles a day, far short of the 440-units-a-day installed capacity at the Durban plant.

Local component manufacturers exporting to Europe are also feeling the pinch.

“Our biggest export market is Europe, and European markets are signalling distress in terms of car sales for 2010 and 2011. They paint a rather bleak picture –which isn’t good news for the component sector,” says National Association of Automotive Component and Allied Manufacturers (Naacam) executive director Roger Pitot.

More than 50% of South Africa’s component exports go towards vehicle assembly in Europe.
Based in the UK, PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC) Autofacts senior analyst Michael Gartside tells Engineering News Online that “the first decent year of recovery [in Europe] will be 2012”.

He says PWC was forced to revise its original forecast that next year would be the year of recovery in terms of new passenger car sales in the European Union (EU).

Gartside says he expects sales in the 30 European countries researched to reach 13,4-million cars in 2010, down from 14,46-million in 2009, increasing marginally to 13,6-million units in 2011, and then finally improving to 14,4-million cars in 2012.

Did the government scrappage schemes – where some European government last year offered incentives to consumers to stimulate demand for new cars – assist in creating the current problem, as had been anticipated widely?

No, says Gartside.

“A lot of people believe it simply brought forward demand, but we think the incentives brought new buyers into the market.”

He notes that Germany, for example, heavily incentivised the sale of new vehicles, making it affordable for someone who could never before own a vehicle to go out and become a car owner.

In general, PWC’s research shows that the hangover from the various scrappage schemes has been less dramatic than many anticipated, with growing evidence of stronger underlying demand.

March and April sales in Germany were just 7,5% lower than the same period in 2008, before the crisis ensued.

Moreover, many markets not distorted by scrappage schemes have shown strong recovery. Belgium, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden have seen demand grow by a collective 21% January through to May.

Instead of scrappage schemes, the new threat to vehicle sales rather comes from rising government debt and the measures taken to reduce this debt.

Measures in Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Romania and Spain may have implications for new car demand as most include a public sector wage freeze, while in Spain, they include a 5% pay cut in 2010, followed by a freeze in 2011, with VAT to also increase this year.

In Greece the impact is evidenced by vehicle registrations falling 54% in May.

Overall, EU risk factors are now weighted on the downside, says Gartside, and, hence, the expectation of a slowing recovery.

He adds that the recession, the oil price spike in 2008, combined with the number of first-time buyers entering the market on the back of the various scrappage schemes, have all served to change the structure of the European market.

Gartside says that sales of multipurpose and sports-utility vehicles have fallen significantly, with the sales of small cars rising sharply.

The small car sector grew from 37% of the car market in Europe in 2007, to 45% in 2009.

However, Gartside says that this trend may cool down in 2010 as scrappage schemes fall away.

Edited by: Creamer Media Reporter

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Elkins to Endow Three Scholarships

Valorie and Jeff Elkin of Houston will endow three scholarships totaling $75,000 at Texas A&M University.
The scholarships, to be funded through multi-year pledges to the Texas A&M Foundation, will be awarded to junior- or senior-level students in computer science and engineering, economics and petroleum engineering.
"My wife and I have a long connection to the university. Valorie's father, David Ray Howell, Class of '48, was commander of the combined bands. I am a petroleum engineer and recruited for many years from several departments on campus. Our kids graduated from the economics and the computer science and engineering departments," said Jeff Elkin, president and co-founder of Empresa Energy LP.
"Watching our children pass through their respective departments reminded me how important outside support is for students. There is limited support for hard-working students who excel in class but do not meet traditional financial aid scenarios," he said.
Students competing for the Elkin scholarship in economics will be Texas residents enrolled in upper level classes with a 3.0 grade point average and only one-fifth of their tuition costs covered by financial assistance.
"Helping students meet the costs of their education is not the only benefit of a scholarship," said Ben M. Crouch, interim dean of liberal arts. "Mr. Elkin's scholarship is also an investment in the future of each student recipient. Students understand this and respond accordingly."
Recipients of the Elkin scholarships in computer science and engineering and in petroleum engineering will be upperclassmen enrolled in honors level courses in their respective departments and not currently receiving scholarship support for more than 20 percent of tuition costs. In addition, petroleum engineering recipients will be members of the Society of Petroleum Engineers student chapter and maintain a minimum 2.5 grade point average.
"The computer science and computer engineering programs are experiencing an increase in demand from very bright students. The Elkin scholarship is critical in helping us to attract and retain these top students," said Valerie E. Taylor, computer science and engineering department head and Royce E. Wisenbaker Professor.
"We continue to have strong demand from individuals of high caliber to be part of the Texas A&M petroleum engineering program. There is a definite need for the Elkin endowment to reward and retain these high-achieving students," said Stephen A. Holditch, petroleum engineering department head and Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Endowed Chair Professor.
Jeff Elkin is a Texas A&M Class of 1980 petroleum engineering graduate. As an undergraduate he participated in the Society of Petroleum Engineers student chapter.
Elkin's three decades in the petroleum engineering industry included positions with Ocean Energy, Seagull Midcon Inc., Amoco and other independent companies. In 2004 he co-founded Empresa Energy, a Houston-based private oil and gas exploitation and development company.
Valorie Howell Elkin, Texas A&M Class of 1980, earned a degree in educational curriculum and instruction. She and her husband met in the Commons dormitory during their freshman year.
The Elkins are 18-year Century Club members, currently at the Diamond level, of the Association of Former Students, and Jeff is a past president of the Amarillo Texas A&M Club. Son Joshua Elkin, Class of 2004, majored in computer engineering and computer science; and daughter Jennifer Elkin Bombulie, Class of 2008, in economics. Both children graduated with honors.
"The Elkins are an all-Aggie family, and they truly love this university. Their generous gift of multiple scholarships will provide vital support for generations of students striving to become Aggie graduates," said Brady Bullard, director of development for engineering with the Texas A&M Foundation.
The Department of Computer Science and Engineering and the Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering are two of 12 departments in the Dwight Look College of Engineering. The college ranks 9th in undergraduate studies and 8th in graduate programs in public institutions in the nation, according to U.S. News & World Report.
The Department of Economics is one of 12 in the College of Liberal Arts. The department offers B.A. and B.S. degrees that prepare students to apply the principles and theories of natural science to the concepts and logic of mathematics.
Written by Betsy Ellison

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What is Dedicated Server

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The term dedicated server is also sometimes used to refer to a game server for games such as Counter-Strike in which a computer runs only the server portion of the game; the game is not played on the same computer as the server. This typically results in the server being able to handle several more concurrent connections, as the computer is not bogged down with tasks such as the rendering of graphics.

A dedicated server usually refers to the actual computer that your hosting is on. A dedicated server refers to when you actually rent an entire comptuer for yourself and don't share the CPU, memory, and so on with anyone else.

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A dedicated web hosting service, dedicated web server, or managed web hosting service all are the parts of the Internet web hosting where the client are offered an entire server not shared to anyone. The dedicated server is more flexible than shared hosting, because the dedicated server who owned it has full control over the server(s), including having an option to choose operating system, hardware, many more functionality. It is often that server admin can be granted by the web hosting organization as an add-on service. In some services of dedicated server may offer less overhead and a more return on speculation. Dedicated servers are generally homed in datacenters, similar to colcolation facilities, providing superfluous power sources and HVAC systems. In contrast to colcolation, the server hardware is owned by the provider and in some cases they will provide support for your operating system or applications.

A dedicated web server hosting company's offer dedicated server and also take responsibilities for maintenance and backups while providing all types of security required to your web sites, power management, and many more aspects of maintaining a datacenter. The website professional developers have all the responsible for all server software issues raised.

The demand of dedicated web hosting server arises due to the increase in demand of the site and more advancement in side the website to add more services and too reach more clients which needs more advanced technologies with widespread utilization of system resources and increased bandwidth to serve the technology to a web browser more efficiently. With this augmented require for resources, having a whole server for your site is often the answer. A dedicated web hosting server is also an option for reseller hosting businesses.

A dedicated server is the most excellent solution for dealing with traffic-heavy businesses that need more staff, resources, and security to build, install, and maintain an in-house solution. With a dedicated server, leasing saves on network administrator position for a company. A dedicated web hosting account is usually cheaper overall than an in-house solution, and businesses can pick savings of up more than 80% on a per month basis.

There is a kind of web hosting web hosting info available that is called dedicated IP web hosting. This is also sometimes called static web hosting. This type of hosting provides a unique IP address that is used exclusively for each individual server space or domain. An individual browsing the Internet can access this information held in any one of these servers by going onto a website with a certain domain name or IP address.

There will be differences in these windows hosting web hosting accounts depending on whether the IP address is shared or unique. A unique IP address can be bought simply by placing an order with any of the multitude service providers that are available. These web hosting companies will provide a unique IP address after full payment has been made. These websites allow the customer to upload content and other files to their own personal, secure web space.

These types of dedicated web hosting accounts are ideal for larger businesses or for e-commerce websites that need to be certain that their site offers the most in security. Dedicated IP web hosting is windows hosting also ideal for individuals that want to buy the unique IP addresses for a premium price. Some individuals may find that they want to go this route due to the fact that it will prevent the website from collecting spam, a problem that can often occur when using a shared website

Another advantage to using a dedicated IP web hosting service is that it provides for greater flexibility while also allowing for more complex hosting. Two advantages of this are that they include a private SSL certificate and an anonymous FTP. An SSL certificate provides for online businesses that need to make sure that their customers will have secure transactions. The advantage of an anonymous FTP allows people to share information on the Internet. This will allow anybody who is using the Internet to go to that company's website and access a public directory by using FTP software.

By gaining a dedicated IP web hosting account and securing a unique IP address, it allows the business owner to have full control over their windows hosting website. By obtaining a dedicated IP address, it allows individuals or business owners to get the most benefit out of their website. This will result in better search engine results, which are much sought after by businesses.

Dedicated IP addresses are highly valued and are considered as prime Internet real estate. Because of this, there is sometimes high service fees associated with this kind of service. It is possible however to find a web hosting company that will offer dedicated IP addresses for a very reasonable price. If a company thinks that they will benefit the most from dedicated IP addresses, it's very important that research be done on many different companies. Besides the differences in price that all companies are bound to have, there will also be differences that are dependant on the company's needs and goals.

There is a different type of web hosting offered which is known as dedicated IP web hosting. This is also on occasion known static web hosting. This kind of hosting offers a unique IP address which is utilized completely for each person server space or domain. A person browsing the Internet has sole permission to access this information detained in any one of these servers through going on top of a website with a convinced domain name or IP address.

There will be distinction in these web hosting accounts which depends on either the IP address is shared or unique. A unique IP address can be acquire just through putting an order with any of the massive amount service suppliers that are obtainable. These web hosting companies will offer a unique IP address after full payment has been complete. These websites permit the buyer to upload content and all other files to their own delicate, protected web space.

These kinds of web hosting accounts are perfect for larger businesses or for e-commerce websites which require being confident that their site recommends the most in security. Dedicated IP web hosting is perfect for persons who desire to purchase the unique IP addresses for a finest value. A number of persons may discover that they desire to go this route owed to the reality that it will avoid the website from collecting spam, a crisis that can frequently occur when utilizing a shared website.

One more benefit of utilizing a dedicated IP web hosting service is that it offers for larger litheness while also permitting for more composite hosting. Two benefits of this are that they comprise a personal SSL certificate and an unidentified FTP. An SSL certificate offers for online business which requires making sure that their clients will have secure transactions. The benefit of an unidentified FTP permits people to share information on the Internet. This will permit anyone who is utilizing the Internet to search to particular company's website and access a free directory by utilizing FTP software.

Through ahead a dedicated IP web hosting account and protecting a unique IP address, it permits the business owner to have full managed over their website. By gaining a dedicated IP address that permits persons or business proprietors to obtain the most advantage of the website. This will outcome in enhanced search engine results, which are much required after by businesses.

The CentOS is a selling venture class based on Linux Operating System (OS). CentOS has number of benefits in contrast to the other Linux clone projects including an lively and growing user society, an widespread mirror network, developers who are accessible and multiple free support streets.

As name CentOS describes as Community ENTerprise Operating System. CentOS is a free Linux version based off the original RedHat Enterprise code (REHL) which is very simple to use Linux based operating system that has outstanding control panel and 3rd party software support (offering 32bit and 64bit support).
CentOS is free and kowtows entirely too upstream vendors' redistribution policies and aims to be 100% binary compatible. (CentOS mainly changes packages to remove upstream vendor branding and artwork.)
CentOS is developed by a small but growing team of core developers. In turn the core developers are supported by an active user community including system administrators, network administrators, managers, enterprise users, core Linux contributors and Linux enthusiasts from around the world

There has been no industry standards have been put to delineate the role of the management of dedicated server suppliers. This means that the dedicated web hosting service provider will follow the industry standard but they define the packages according to their standard so their many ranges are available. For some dedicated server suppliers, fully managed is defined as having a web based control panel while other suppliers define it as having dedicated system engineers readily available to handle all server and network related functions of the dedicated server supplier.
Some important Server management services comprise some or all of the following:

Operating system updates
Server monitoring
Application updates
Application monitoring
Simple Network Management Protocol hardware monitoring
Technical support
Firewall services
Antivirus updates
Intrusion detection
Time bound backups and restoration
Natural calamity recovery
DNS hosting service
Database administration
Load balancing
Performance tuning
Software installation and configuration
User management

Dedicated web hosting server providers describe their level of management based on the services they offer. In contrast, completely managed could equal self managed from supplier to supplier.
Administrative continuance of the operating system, often compromises upgrades, security patches, and from time to time even daemon updates are compromised. Differing types of management may compromise adding new domains, users, daemon configuration, or even custom programming.
Dedicated web hosting server hosting providers may offer the following different types of server managed support:

Fully Managed; It compromises monitoring, updating of software, reboots, security patches and operating system upgrades. Customers are free from any work to do.
Managed It compromises medium level of management, monitoring, updates, and a very limited amount of support. Customers himself carry out specific tasks.
Self Managed It compromises usual monitoring and some maintenance. Customers provide most operations and tasks to dedicated server service provider.
Unmanaged In this no involvement of service supplier. Customers provide all maintenance, upgrades, patches, and security.

When renting server gap from a host, you essentially web hosting have two options - to rent a dedicated server or to rent shared server space. By means of a shared hosting arrangement, your web-site shares server space with other web-sites. If you choosing for rent a dedicated server then you get a complete server and network connection to yourself.

Shared web hosting servers are less expensive to rent in comparison to dedicated servers. They typically need a lower level of technical abilities too, as the host does a large amount of the server administration. This is why shared servers are generally the best option for entry-level web-sites or for small organization whose web-sites do not have too much traffic levels.

As shared web hosting servers are the mainly cost-effective choice for small web-sites, they are not unavoidably a good alternative for large, "mission-critical" or high-traffic web-sites. For these a dedicated server may well be necessary.
Dedicated web hosting servers are more exclusive to rent than shared servers, and they also need a higher level of technical knowledge to operate. Though, if you are creating thousands of a day from e-commerce and your organization would fail if the server went down for a day or more, then you should critically think renting a dedicated server.

If you are currently engaged in any facet of ecommerce, even service sectors, a website makes up a great deal of your business. Therefore, it is a safe assumption that you pay for hosting your website in some fashion. If you do not already have a dedicated server, perhaps you should revisit the decision for the best hosting options for your business.

Most web hosting companies set up accounts or on a shared server Linux hosting. You essentially share the total hard drive and bandwidth allowance with many others. This may not be the best hosting option and can present many problems such as security and traffic bottlenecks. On a dedicated server, the server is completely yours, and there are not other websites utilizing the same machine. The server is dedicated completely to you and your business

Several advantages can make a dedicated server the best Linux hosting choice for you. These include:
Server Security -Dedicated servers increase the security of your website tremendously. There are no other webmasters using the same workspace, and simple mistakes or user error that might occur due to shared machines simply no longer existent.

As the entire server is dedicated to a single customer, there is tremendously more storage space available for website pages, images, and features.

As with storage space, there is a great deal more bandwidth available for data transfer. Traffic to your site no longer competes with traffic for other websites reducing bottlenecks and slow server response time.

Having your own server offers additional opportunities for control. Sharing a server indicates that you have only limited control of server features and functions, but with a dedicated server, webmasters have greater control and access to the day-to-day functions of the host.

Dedicated servers also allow more software and script options. The server has greater storage capacity for this information, and there is no need to align coding or features with other users of the same machine.

The users genuine vigilant of time to transfer into a dedicated server contain numerous variables and required him/her to offset a diverse types of questions. Despite of the reality that dedicated servers are highest since user and his/her business will be exploiting them; they are costly as well as require somebody to handle them, which increase the expenditure of the businesses web hosting. One should calculate all the problems before walking to move a step before.

A chief and important question happens is whether or not the dedicated server chosen by the user is reasonable or not. One is required to carry out some sort of calculation to watch the plan of how much a dedicated server costs, and also to consider how much the user is required to pay the charge for an admin or quite can talk for a completely managed dedicated server. These can cost high, mainly if the user do not join a large budget. One should be sure that his/her supports permit a dedicated server before searching for it.

Secondly to consider is that is the user requires a managed dedicated server or unmanaged dedicated server. If an individual is well skilled web hosting with knowledge and identifies how to mange it by his/her own, in that case he/she can decide for unmanaged server, although if it is not able to mange him/herself then managed server is the best choice. One should keep it in mind early before mourning owed to over budget because that's too late.

The most important to anxiety that is the user really in need of space and bandwidth that an individual server provides. In a condition at the time of loading web pages web hosting quite quickly and the user immobile possess a plenty amount of space on a shared server; then the user should think about why he/she require to spend in a dedicated server. If space and bandwidth are in required then one should do it, although if user don't have any sensitive information then it is useless to misuse wealth.

The question arises frequently, why persons wish dedicated servers? The answer is that they only clutch that individual's information, in its place of diversity of persons and businesses. So, if a user possesses particularly sensitive information he/she cannot take the possibility to have danger on sensitive data. Conceivably it may get wrapped; a dedicated server is an ideal choice in this case.

If the users have his/her own dedicated server then it indicates that he/she extremely got the identification of different tools and alternatives on the fingertips which he/she can't get if he/she is not having shared server. There are no limits with a web hosting dedicated server since it is absolutely of user, so the user can do anything he/she desires to do. The only factor that the user requires to judge is that he/she should not disregard the increasing budget size.

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How to become a webhosting reseller

Web space reseller or hosting reseller packages include Domain Hostings which allows you to host domains with assigned Web space and bandwidth based on web hosting companies package, Multi-Platform Reseller Package Comes with Web space and bandwidth Reseller Package in Windows, Linux, and Java. This reseller package also provides the option of making Sub Resellers.

It is a form of web hosting that allows you to purchase your own share of bandwidth and disk space in the form of a package from a web hosting provider, just like a shared web hosting package, but allows you to create your own client accounts allowing you to resell your web space and bandwidth as your own web hosting packages. Reseller web hosting packages allow you to achieve something which could only previously be achieved with the purchase of a VPS Hosting or dedicated hosting server. Reseller hosting accounts are normally hosted on the same server as other reseller web hosting accounts and in some cases shared web hosting accounts; this means that the reliability of reseller web hosting isn't great, and you should bare this in mind when offering your web hosting packages.

Like shared web hosting packages, reseller web hosting packages are hosted on high specification servers to try and guarantee a high level of uptime, although this can be made difficult by the nature of shared hosting servers due to the fact that they are popular targets for malicious attackers. Reseller web hosting servers normally have other software installed on them apart from the core services such as a control panel that are needed on a web hosting server. These additional pieces of software may include programs such as RVSkins to allow you to provide your clients with a customized version of cPanel design wise, or a monitoring system so that your web host is notified when a problem occurs with the server on which your reseller hosting account is hosted.

Reseller web hosting is popular with website designers and those who want to start their own web hosting business, since it is a cheap way to get started with providing cheap web hosting accounts to those who may need them. Unlike a VPS Hosting or dedicated server, you don't have your own server that you have the responsibility of upkeeping with a standard reseller hosting account, meaning that you can get on with running your hosting business or designing websites whilst you have a knowledgable support team that you can rely on and full back on if you need to. Most web hosting providers have a 24×7 support team that you can use if you have a general query or if you have a problem with your reseller web hosting account that you need sorted. The main benefit of a 24×7 support team is that if a server happens to fail during the night, the problem is more likely to be sorted ASAP.

in conclusion a reseller webhosting account is a cheaper hosting alternative to a Virtual private server or a dedicated server if the sole purpose is going to be hosting your own web hosting or design clients. A reseller web hosting account will in most cases come with access to a 24×7 support team meaning that if there are any problems with the server that your account is hosted on, they are more likely to be sorted quicker than if you were with a web hosting provider that didn't provide 24×7 support. You will also be provided with access to a control panel so that you are able to create and manage hosting accounts for your web hosting clients, and control panels are normally web based meaning that you can access them from any internet connected computer.

To check out some of HostingPalace's exclusive reseller package click here

HostingPalace has the innovative webhosting technology to implement in the web hosting domestic market. The web hosting Panel provided by HostingPalace as control panel of your domain is one among the best in the current market. It is your domain control panel, from where you manage all aspects of your domain and its contents. The domain control panel provided by web hosting company has been designed with the intention of making it easier for an individual to even act as a domain registrar possessing an authority to register a domain for self or for its clients and every now and then on the basis of requirement he can modify the web hosting account with every new update hence the domain resellers can benefit from such technology with the authority to register domain for its clients. It has become more user-friendly and more reliable.

When you access your web hosting account, everything you need is available right there in hosting panel or domain control panel itself.

The main tools available within your panels let you do the basic domain and webspace administration required to keep your website in order. You can set or reset your login details, ftp details and email accounts from web hosting control panel. You can access and maintain all your databases from your web hosting control panel as well, review basic statistics of your website, check your bandwidth use, check which scripts are supported, block certain IP addresses(depends on the web hosting package terms) from accessing your website, check for and clear up viruses, make a backup of your entire site, and other general maintenance actions, or grooming, of your domain.

If your web hosting plan allows it, you can actually set up different domains within your single account and control them all through your hosting or domain control panel.

Within your webhosting panel, you will more often than not find a handy little extra applications called file manager. It is what made easier for a client to deploy website files in webspace without taking the help of ftp account.Inbuilt feature of webhosting panel helps doing so, and this brilliant tool really comes as a handy element for hosting resellers who in this case every now and then need not have to memorize or search for ftp login information for different domains of its clients . It is not restricted to limited upload or download. One can deploy unlimited files in its webspace using the feature however restricted to limited upload in some online software at one time due to unavailability to browse for unlimited files. Bandwidth doesnt get much affected with such move and unlimited upload and download can easily be taken into process(incase the package has unlimited webspace and bandwidth facility).

Some hosting panel has the feature of adding java applications separately to its webspace package. As java is an important and widely used application most of the web hosting companies will make it sure the compatible features to enable the java application resides in the online software or control panel.

Many web hosting companies have added online shopping application in its webspace packages which helps clients to add up the application to its website at ease rather swaying the process of manipulation and editing. These comes free nowadays with web hosting packages. Most of the web hosting companies have included such applications for free in its web hosting package to let their client get benefited for hosting web applications.

HostingPalace has started providing free search engine submission for its 2 years old clients.Based on the demand of our clients which they are looking to get for free along with their web hosting i.e webspace packages HostingPalace has stated implementing this technique to help our clients to submit their website URL for free in over 8 lakh search engines.

Reseller hosting is a type of web hosting where the web space owner has the power to use his/her selected hard drive space and bandwidth to host websites through third parties. The reseller buys the hosts services indiscriminate and then uses to trades them to his clients to make profit. The definite piece of hard drive and bandwidth is owed to reseller account. In order to attain the reseller may lease a devoted server from a hosting business or resell shared hosting services. If this type of business the reseller is simply given the consent to sell a definite piece disk space and bandwidth to his own customers with no renting a server from a web hosting business he signed an agreement for a reseller account with.

The distinctive web hosting reseller might be a web developer web design company, or systems integrator who presents web hosting as an append service. Reseller hosting is an economical means for web hosting capitalists to start a business. Most reseller hosting charts permit resellers to make their own service charts and select their own pricing arrangement. In most time, resellers set up their own branding by means of customized control panels and name servers.

Reseller hosting do not needs broad knowledge of the technical features of web hosting. Generally, the main datacenter is liable for maintaining network communications and hardware, and the dedicated server proprietor configures/updates/ secures the server. A reseller is liable for bordering among his/her own client base, but any hardware, software and connectivity problems are usually promoted to the server supplier from whom the reseller plan was purchased.

By the help of point and click Control Panels, resellers can set up and control client accounts by means of a web interface. The Billing software is also trendy among resellers, as it mechanizes account creation and billing. Most of the reseller hosting companies presents different reseller hosting plans.

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Internet has become an effective tool to perform ecommerce activities. A large number of websites are run on Internet for selling and promoting business products or services. Reseller hosting is the popular business option on the Internet and it is business of selling web hosting service to businessmen. In the process of providing web hosting service the service owner of account can host the websites of third parties by making use of bandwidth and hard drive allotted to him or her.

The reseller hosting can provide hosting service in two ways such as by renting the serving of hosting company or by reselling shared webhosting services. In the process of shared webhosting service, the reseller can sell a specific amount of bandwidth and disk space to his or her customers without taking a server on rent from an Internet hosting company with which he or she has signed for a service account.

A modern reseller hosting company should possess a highly professional design and structure, a skilled and supportive team members and a highly competitive policing of pricing.
These days there are many reseller hosting companies in the market which sell web hosting services at competitive prices. In this way it is not easy for a reseller hosting company to maintain its existence in the market and it must offer all the tools which are necessary for providing strong base to one's business. The essential features of a good reseller company are wide variety of plans, flexible and affordable pricing policy, multiple add-on services, and variety of templates. The control panel offered by a reseller web hosting company should be multilingual and use-friendly. A reseller hosting company should respond to a client in transparent and prompt manner.

The service of reseller hosting can be helpful for the people who want to purchase limited web space for different purposes as they can acquire web space at cost effective prices. Thus reseller hosting service can save money of the client who needs limited web space and on the other hand it is equally beneficial for a reseller of hosting service as he or she can generate good amount of money through it.

A reseller hosting service is actually beneficial for a small business or a new businessman as his need not to spend much money in getting hosting service. One can hire the services of a reseller at initial stage of one's business and can start one's own empire of web hosting service in the long run.

If one is searching for a good reseller hosting company one should choose it after a proper market research for acquiring such type of services at cost effective prices.

The business of reseller web hosting is gaining momentum in the industry of web hosting and it can be a good source of income for web masters who are engaged in this activity.

When people think about reseller hosting, they are talking about a type of hosting account that lets you divide one large package into various smaller ones. With the adaptability you can even resell these packages to other customers. . With this type of setup your host manages the servers so you don't need any kind of server maintenance experience, one of the biggest obstacles to running a web hosting company. That means you can start your own web company with relatively little knowledge and money as long as you know a few things about how the internet works.

The Reseller hosting concept is a briskly growing industry. This is due to the simple fact that it is an economical way for hosting entrepreneurs to begin doing business in the field. This type of hosting is commonly used by companies or individuals who hope to start a small web hosting company, and is also chosen by developers, designers or internet consultants. From a cost point of view, it is a economical arrangement for webmasters who want to manage and host many sites with separate control panels. It certainly has the possibility to be a very profitable business if the costs and margins are well-managed. Resellers are able to offer custom web hosting packages for specific customers that are perhaps not offered by any of the current hosting providers. This added by the fact that resellers can better control the quality of service since they can pick their servers.

The host you buy your reseller hosting package from will normally allow you to setup your own packages, although some times you get access to predefined packages the host offers. In either case you can set your own prices that you charge your clients. The tools you'll have access to will allow you to setup your customers and do a lot of the basic support tasks, even if you don't have a lot of experience.Some hosts will even give you free or discounted access to billing software, which will make offering hosting even easier.

Reseller hosting is a great idea for anyone looking to get started making money with a hosting company. It allows you to learn other aspects of running a company before you are ultimately responsible for the largest thing, the servers. Since you don't need to know how to run servers the amount of knowledge and effort required is greatly reduced. Thousands of new sites are being created each and every day, so start your reseller business today and get in on this rush.

The Internet became the effective tool to execute actions of electronic commerce. A considerable quantity of websites operates on the Internet to sell and advance business products or services. Rendering of hosting of the trading intermediary is a popular business choice on the Internet; also this is business of sale of service of rendering of hosting of a network to businessmen. In the course of maintenance of service of rendering of hosting of a network the owner of service of the account can receive visitors behind websites of the third parties, using a pass-band and the store on the hard disks, allocated to him or her.

Rendering of hosting of the trading intermediary can provide service of rendering of hosting by two ways, such as renting service of rendering of hosting behind the company or reselling the divided rendering of hosting of a network. In the course of the divided rendering of hosting of a website, the trading intermediary can sell certain quantity of a pass-band and the disk space or to the clients, without taking a server on a rent from the company of rendering of hosting of the Internet from which he or she has undersigned at the expense of service.

The modern company of rendering of hosting of the trading intermediary should possess very professional project and the structure qualified both favorable members of team and very competitive protection of estimation.

These days there are many companies of rendering of hosting of a website of the trading intermediary in the market which sell services of rendering of hosting of a network in competitive prices.

Thus it is not easy to support for the company of rendering of hosting of the trading intermediary its existence in the market, and it should offer all tools which are necessary to provide a strong basis to business. Essential features of the good company of the trading intermediary are a wide variety of plans, the flexible and possible policy of estimation, repeated services of addition and a variety of templates. The control panel offered by the company of rendering of hosting of a network of the trading intermediary should be multilingual and favorable for use. The company of rendering of hosting of the trading intermediary should answer the client in a transparent and fast manner.

Service of rendering of hosting of the trading intermediary can be useful for people who wish to buy the limited place of a network in the various purposes as they can get a network place under the effective prices in expenses. Thus service of rendering of hosting of the trading intermediary can save money of the client, who requires the limited place of a network, and on the other hand, it is equally favorable to the trading intermediary of rendering of hosting behind service as he or she can make the good sum of money through it. It is possible to employ services of the trading intermediary in an initial stage of business and to begin own empire of service of rendering of hosting of a network finally.

If you search for the good company of rendering of hosting of a website of the trading intermediary, it is necessary to choose it after appropriate studying of market conditions to get such type of services in the effective prices in expenses.

For more help in the topic of best web hosting – you are highly recommended to visit this website.

And as a perk – a final piece of advice. Today the online technologies give you a truly unique chance to choose what you require at the best terms which are available on the market. Funny, but most of the people don't use this opportunity. In real practice it means that you must use all the tools of today to get the information that you need.

Those who desire great flexibility may not be suited for a reseller account. However, this is the perfect solution for someone trying to profit in the web hosting industry. With reseller hosting you are provided with an administrative panel such as WHM (Web Host Manager) which allows you to maintain your account. This includes all the features you are provided with as well as the disk space and bandwidth for your clients. WHM gives you the ability to provide your customers with cPanel which they use to administer their accounts. Some providers offer private label plans, meaning you can brand your company name into the business, adding more credibility in the eyes of potential clients. In many cases, a reseller account can run so efficiently that customers have no idea they are dealing with a middleman.

Reseller hosting is a concept that you may have come across, but like many people, you may be unclear as to what it actually is. In this article, we'll give you a brief overview of reseller hosting, and how you can become most profitably involved in this booming online business sector.

In a nutshell, reseller hosting is a bit like sub-letting an apartment - or more accurately, sub-letting each individual room in an apartment. You lease a chunk of web server space from a parent company, divide it up into smaller chunks or hosting packages, and sell it on to other people. As far as your customers are concerned, you're a hosting company, although from your point of view, all the tricky stuff such as technical support continues to be handled by the parent company.

act as a referral partner for the parent company. This is a safe and easy option for reseller hosting, since it doesn't involve you having to run customer accounts. Instead, you earn commission for every customer you refer to the parent company who then signs up. The downside to this option is that you need to have an online marketing presence, through a review website or ad campaign

start small. One of the great advantages of reseller hosting is that you only need a computer and an internet connection to get started - you don't need to invest lots of money or get to grips with complicated technical applications. For that reason, you should start by concentrating on reselling web space. This is simple and straightforward, and a good way to earn whilst building a client base and gaining experience.

for the same reason, it's also a good idea to start with shared hosting, since this is the simplest form of web hosting that you can resell. As your business expands, you can look at offering more advanced reseller services, such as dedicated and co-located hosting, domain name registration and merchant accounts.

work towards getting your own server. This will give you a greater share of the profits over time. However, it also involves greater responsibility for maintenance, back-up and repair, so you should only consider this option when you are confident that you can handle these technical requirements.

don't neglect your marketing and sales strategy. Your reseller business won't make money if nobody can find you. So be very clear on who your target customers are, and how you can reach them. This means constructing a well-optimized home site for your reseller hosting business, and running a well-targeted ad campaign.

finally, don't be afraid to ask for help, guidance and customer feedback. There is plenty of free advice available on the web to help you decide on the approach that will best suit your purposes. Remember, you may need to try several approaches before you find the reseller hosting strategy that works for you.

Its business model is pretty much the same with any offline retailing business – the reseller may purchase the hosting capacities (bandwidth/hard disk space/software/CPU power) themselves at cheaper rates and then sell them at higher "retail" rates. Typically, hosting resellers often operate their business under an independent brand or label. In other words, a hosting reseller will not inform the end users that he/she is selling someone else's services.

It does not need extensive technical knowledge to be a hosting reseller. In most cases, the data center operator is the responsible party for hardware maintenance and configurations. A hosting reseller is more like an agent where his/her jobs are mainly interfacing with the existing customers and winning more new customers. This is why a hosting reseller firm often spend greatly on advertising campaigns.

Reliability Needless to say, your reputation as a hosting reseller depends a lot on the quality of your provider's servers and network. Make sure that you stick with reseller hosting provider that has strong uptime record or the sky will be falling on your business.

Customer Supports Efficient customer support is another important characteristic you should be looking for. Remember that you will have a lot of different clients to handle thus chances of things get screwed up are very high. A dedicated team of technical support that are able to respond to your requests is extremely important.

Web Hosting Features Basic hosting features like bandwidth, disk space, and addon domain capacity are vital for hosting resellers as these are the 'products' that determine how many accounts you can create and sell. More allocated bandwidth or addon domains means more profits.

Scalability If you are just starting out reselling hosting services, you may want to pay for only a few domains at a time, and provide a very basic range of applications. However, as your business grows, the number of sites you service will increase and you may also need to increase the range of applications you can provide your customers.

To have long chain customers with your own brand name and make money without the hassle of managing and maintaining servers? Well, then becoming a reseller web host can be the best venture. But before getting into the details it is important to know the concept of Reseller Web Hosting and how it differs from the original/actual Web Hosting provider.

An actual hosting provider typically sells services from the servers that it owns and maintains. They manage machines, network, DNS and the actual uplinks to the Internet backbone and computer(s) operating as server(s). They are the first hand providers of the web space services and offer 24/7 technical support. Any query is entertained by them directly.

Reseller Web Hosting on the other hand, enables you to start your own Internet based web space selling with the least or no start-up cost and technical equipment. A reselling hosting concept is somewhat similar to that of a retailer. A retailer procures the goods from the manufacturer and further sells them to make profit. A reseller is merely a merchant who sells the services provided by the actual hosting provider. Resellers do not have their own servers or network or any technical paraphernalia. The queries are also relayed to the actual host provider.

Before becoming a Reseller Web Host it is essential to decide on what you wish to offer. Some resellers provide Web Hosting at a cheap rate and look to capitalise on the quantity. Alternatively, some design firms offer Reseller Web Hosting to augment their designing offerings and increase their customer base.

This allows you to be anonymous by not letting the end user know whether you are a reseller or the actual provider. A private partner is constantly in touch with the actual provider who provides all the necessary information and tools to sell the services as your own.

Public Partners – Here you get affiliate with the Hosting provider. It is your responsibility to find the customers. When the potential customers get converted into actual customers, the public partners are paid commission on each conversion.

Once the above aspects have been taken into consideration and your website has been created, the final step is to advertise it. Aggressive advertisement acts as a catalyst for your website with exotic design and web hosting.

Reseller Web Hosting is a wonderful concept that lets you make money without much hassle and effort. It makes the entire venture lucrative and exciting.

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webspace is how much space you will need to store your entire website on the hosting company's server.

webspace is how much space you will need to store your entire website on the hosting company's server.

You need to look at the sum total of all the files that you have created for your site that you want to upload to the web server.

A website is a collection of computer files that you build using your computer. In order for people throughout the world to view your website, those files must be copied or uploaded onto a special computer that is connected to the Internet 24 hours a day called a web server. Web servers are complex, powerful and highly reliable computers that have special high speed connections to the Internet to allow the transfer of files and e-mails along with special firewall software to protect hackers from accessing your files. When you buy a hosting package, you are renting webspace on a server in order to avoid all of the expense and technical aspects of doing it yourself.

Webspace refers to data storage space accessed via the Internet, usually used to host websites and data files.

E-mail or electronic mail is part of the standard TCP/IP set of protocols. Sending messages is typically done by SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and receiving messages is handled by POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3), or IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol). IMAP is the newer protocol, allowing you to view and sort messages on the mail server, without downloading them to your hard drive.

With shared hosting, multiple websites are shared on one server. The shared host splits up server resources among many customers in order to defer the cost. Typically, all domains may share a common pool of server resources, such as RAM and the CPU or processor. This means that the shared host accounts are more affordable. In other words, it provides a customer with a limited amount of server space to create their web site. Bandwidth and storage space is distributed among many clients, who all share the same physical server.

HostingPalace has the innovative webhosting technology to implement in the web hosting domestic market. The web hosting Panel provided by HostingPalace as control panel of your domain is one among the best in the current market. It is your domain control panel, from where you manage all aspects of your domain and its contents. The domain control panel provided by web hosting company has been designed with the intention of making it easier for an individual to even act as a domain registrar possessing an authority to register a domain for self or for its clients and every now and then on the basis of requirement he can modify the web hosting account with every new update hence the domain resellers can benefit from such technology with the authority to register domain for its clients. It has become more user-friendly and more reliable.

When you access your web hosting account, everything you need is available right there in hosting panel or domain control panel itself.

The main tools available within your panels let you do the basic domain and webspace administration required to keep your website in order. You can set or reset your login details, ftp details and email accounts from web hosting control panel. You can access and maintain all your databases from your web hosting control panel as well, review basic statistics of your website, check your bandwidth use, check which scripts are supported, block certain IP addresses(depends on the web hosting package terms) from accessing your website, check for and clear up viruses, make a backup of your entire site, and other general maintenance actions, or grooming, of your domain.

If your web hosting plan allows it, you can actually set up different domains within your single account and control them all through your hosting or domain control panel.

Within your webhosting panel, you will more often than not find a handy little extra applications called file manager. It is what made easier for a client to deploy website files in webspace without taking the help of ftp account.Inbuilt feature of webhosting panel helps doing so, and this brilliant tool really comes as a handy element for hosting resellers who in this case every now and then need not have to memorize or search for ftp login information for different domains of its clients . It is not restricted to limited upload or download. One can deploy unlimited files in its webspace using the feature however restricted to limited upload in some online software at one time due to unavailability to browse for unlimited files. Bandwidth doesnt get much affected with such move and unlimited upload and download can easily be taken into process(incase the package has unlimited webspace and bandwidth facility).

Some hosting panel has the feature of adding java applications separately to its webspace package. As java is an important and widely used application most of the web hosting companies will make it sure the compatible features to enable the java application resides in the online software or control panel.

Many web hosting companies have added online shopping application in its webspace packages which helps clients to add up the application to its website at ease rather swaying the process of manipulation and editing. These comes free nowadays with web hosting packages. Most of the web hosting companies have included such applications for free in its web hosting package to let their client get benefited for hosting web applications.

HostingPalace has started providing free search engine submission for its 2 years old clients.Based on the demand of our clients which they are looking to get for free along with their web hosting i.e webspace packages HostingPalace has stated implementing this technique to help our clients to submit their website URL for free in over 8 lakh search engines.

The web hosting industry has spawned a broad range of niche markets over the years. Ranging from shared hosting to dedicated hosting, as well as all the hybrids in between, each type of web hosting presents its own set of pros and cons.

Web domains. Hosting. Content. These are the three top priorities for any webmaster, regardless of how experienced they are. Unfortunately, these three essentials often leave people in the dark, as there are dozens of companies offering the «same» packages for different prices.

Trying to identify a web host can be a very daunting task especially when there are so many available nowadays and all of them promise one thing or another because looking for and buying a reliable web hosting solution is an imperative decision.

Finding the best hosting service for your website can be complicated. The best way to select a quality web host is to take the selection process one step at a time.

If you are currently engaged in any facet of ecommerce, even service sectors, a website makes up a great deal of your business. Therefore, it is a safe assumption that you pay for hosting your website in some fashion.

The domain name space make a tree structure of domain names. It may be possible to have zero or more resource records in each node or leaf in the tree, which hold information associated with the domain name. The tree is sub-divided into different zones beginning at the very beginning of root zone. A DNS zone is group of a collection of connected nodes confidently served by a reliable DNS name server.
When a system admin desires to web hosting permit another admin control a part of the domain name space inside the first admin's zone of right, control can be delegated to the second admin. This tears off a part of the old zone web hosting into a new zone that poses under the right of the second admin's name servers. The old zone finishes being trustworthy for the new zone.

A domain name generally compromises web hosting of two or more than two parts that are usually written separately with the help of dots, such as abc.com.

The rightmost name expresses the top-level domain such as the address www.abc.com has the top level domain com.

The label to the leftmost denotes a subdivision, or subdomain of the domain above it. Note: "subdomain" denotes relative reliance, not absolute reliance. Such as: abc.com includes a sub domain of the com domain, and www.abc.com includes a subdomain of the domain google.com. In theory, this subdivision can go down 127 levels and each label can hold up to 63 octets. The whole domain name does not surpass a more than 253 octets. In practice, some domain registries may have shorter confines.

A hostname refers to a domain name that has one or more associated IP addresses; i.e.: the 'www.abc.com' and 'abc.com' domains are both hostnames; though, the 'com' domain is not.

Linux is an operating system which is initially developed by Linux Torvalds, student of the University of Helsinki in Finland. Linus thought that it would be a good initiative to have some sort of freely available academic version of UNIX, and promptly started to code. Linux had a curiosity in Minix, a small UNIX system, and determined to create a system which surpassed the Minix standards. He started to code in 1991 when he released version 0.02 and worked continuously till 1994, version 1.0 of the Linux Kernel was released. The kernel, at the heart of all Linux system is developed and released under the GNU General Public Licenses and its source code is freely available to anyone.

Linux has proven itself since long run as best servers in comparison to other as the operating system. Nowadays, Linux hosting has populated ahead of its infrastructure services such as printing, file serving, web hosting and email, and is being accepted even in the enterprise datacenter. Linux hosting currently progressively more searches the utilizations as business application servers and data base servers, poignant more inside into the datacenter as a tactical data store, database, and application host.

If you are thinking to host a website, then you have three typically three platforms from which you can choose where your site can be hosted Linux /Unix, Windows & Macintosh. Almost all web hosts use Linux or Windows Server . Linux is open source and generally free where as Windows operating system is owned and sold by Microsoft. Thus a Windows server costs additional as the cost of proprietary Microsoft software that it runs. There is no problem in accessing to your web account as they are accessed through FTP or a control panel and both operating systems support these methods.

Reseller hosting is a type of web hosting where the web space owner has the power to use his/her selected hard drive space and bandwidth to host websites through third parties. The reseller buys the hosts services indiscriminate and then uses to trades them to his clients to make profit. The definite piece of hard drive and bandwidth is owed to reseller account. In order to attain the reseller may lease a devoted server from a hosting business or resell shared hosting services. If this type of business the reseller is simply given the consent to sell a definite piece disk space and bandwidth to his own customers with no renting a server from a web hosting business he signed an agreement for a reseller account with.

The distinctive web hosting reseller might be a web developer web design company, or systems integrator who presents web hosting as an append service. Reseller hosting is an economical means for web hosting capitalists to start a business. Most reseller hosting charts permit resellers to make their own service charts and select their own pricing arrangement. In most time, resellers set up their own branding by means of customized control panels and name servers.

Reseller hosting do not needs broad knowledge of the technical features of web hosting. Generally, the main datacenter is liable for maintaining network communications and hardware, and the dedicated server proprietor configures/updates/ secures the server. A reseller is liable for bordering among his/her own client base, but any hardware, software and connectivity problems are usually promoted to the server supplier from whom the reseller plan was purchased.

By the help of point and click Control Panels, resellers can set up and control client accounts by means of a web interface. The ModernBill software is also trendy among resellers, as it mechanizes account creation and billing. Most of the reseller hosting companies presents different reseller hosting plans.

Ever thought of building a framework for dynamic HTML pages? Or making Internet and Intranet based applications interactive? It is possible, and the best part is that you need not rack your brains anymore. Just get your web Hosting hands on ASP - an abbreviation for the Active Sever Pages, a specification for a dynamically created Web page with an .ASP extension. ASP is also a feature that installs with Microsofts Internet Information Services (IIS) web-server and requires no special interaction or configuration. The server-side technology also does not put any requirements on the client or browser, and, as a result, gives rise to no browser-compatibility issues. An ASP file can contain text, HTML tags and scripts that are executed on the server; therefore, some basic understanding on HTML / XHTML shall be an added privilege.

ASP is an abbreviation for the Active Sever Pages, for created dynamic Web Pages a with an .ASP extension. ASP is also an attribute web hosting which are installed with Microsofts Internet Information Services (IIS) web-server and needs no special interaction or configuration. The server-side technology also does not place any constraints on the client or browser as a result, provides go up to no browser-compatibility problems. An ASP file can enclose text, HTML tags and scripts which are executed on the server; so with, a number of basic understandings on XHTML/ HTML shall be an added opportunity.

Ever thought of building a framework for dynamic HTML pages? Or making Internet and Intranet based applications interactive? It is possible, and the best part is that you need not rack your brains anymore. Just get your web Hosting hands on ASP - an abbreviation for the Active Sever Pages, a specification for a dynamically created Web page with an .ASP extension. ASP is also a feature that installs with Microsofts Internet Information Services (IIS) web-server and requires no special interaction or configuration. The server-side technology also does not put any requirements on the client or browser, and, as a result, gives rise to no browser-compatibility issues. An ASP file can contain text, HTML tags and scripts that are executed on the server; therefore, some basic understanding on HTML / XHTML shall be an added privilege.

ASP is an abbreviation for the Active Sever Pages, for created dynamic Web Pages a with an .ASP extension. ASP is also an attribute web hosting which are installed with Microsofts Internet Information Services (IIS) web-server and needs no special interaction or configuration. The server-side technology also does not place any constraints on the client or browser as a result, provides go up to no browser-compatibility problems. An ASP file can enclose text, HTML tags and scripts which are executed on the server; so with, a number of basic understandings on XHTML/ HTML shall be an added opportunity.

A narrowing for Active Server Pages and a program web Hosting that runs within Internet Information Services, a free component which approaches with Windows 2000 or with Windows NT 4.0 Option Pack. ASP is a Microsoft Technology and an attribute of Microsoft's web server software. These ASP and ChiliASP are the technologies which permit ASP to run with no Windows OS.
An ASP file is identical to a HTML file and can hold text, XML, HTML, and scripts. Scripts in an ASP file are performed on the server. An ASP file has the file extension asp. Every MicrosoftWeb hosting delhi packages hold Active Server Pages.
ASP approaches free as it arrives with the Win2000 OS. It is fraction of IIS and must be added with add/remove programs with the help of the menu.

People believe the requirement to Web hosting share their thoughts and belief with other people. These days the most effectual way to do that is to make your own weblog or, as it is most popular - blog. The question arises how to begin your own blog? Opportunely, nowadays beginning a blog site is a really a very simple to create.
There are free Open Source blog tools that help you to make and manage your blog site.

You do not require knowing anything about web hosting design or development to begin blogging.
All you require to do is open a Web hosting account, wherever you can have a blog application installed and activated. At this time, at SiteGround, we provide FREE blog installation with our blog hosting package. You can begin making your site right away.
The blog application has built-in functionality like posting articles, commenting, HTML editor, archive, etc.
The most accepted blog tools have a large supporting community. You will be able to discover free themes for your blog and customize it the way as wish.

With the facility of a blog application one needn't to be a developer or Web hosting delhi designer in order to share your feelings, knowledge with the entire world. In the following pages you will discover short instructions how to build your own blog by utilizing two of the most accepted blog tools:

Make a blog with WordPress
Make a blog with Drupal

Cascading Style Sheet or CSS is an immense way to modify the look, style and feel of your website. It is a very simple means or language, designed for identifying the layout or formatting properties of dissimilar HTML elements in a web page. As you can split visual design components from the structural logic of a web page, CSS provides you have power over of your page design without forging the reliability of data. The style sheets identify how HTML elements should be exhibit on the web page. The styles are usually saved in external file with .css extension. You can simply mix this CSS document into your HTML tags and show your pages as per your desire.

CSS files are nothing; it is simply text files which divide page Web hosting content from its look. The content of a page goes into an HTML file whereas the look and feel goes into a style sheet. But how does it emerge on the reader's browser? The style sheets presently propose the Web hosting browsers how to draw a page. They provide a set of instructions to the browser. Though, it depends on the browser if it can hold style sheets instructions or not.
Information can be separated into two parts and they are: content and appearance. When a user sends demand for a page to download, the browser fetches the HTML document that links to the CSS document. If the browser holds the format explained in CSS, it displays the page accordingly.

In turn to put your site on the internet, you will require a web hosting group to store your pages on their server.web hosting providers typically function out of datacenters, where they host numerous web sites on multiple servers. In much simpler terms, a web host allows you to lease a specific amount of space to create your own site on the World Wide Web. When the site goes live on the server, web surfers can then type its URL in their browser and view your pages or even purchase products you have listed.

When it comes to obtaining a web host, a cheap service is always a good place to start. In addition, cheap service does not essentially equal bad service. Though, you should be conscious about a specific host may seem reasonable in the beginning, but in fact comprise hidden charges which end up charging more than a service you supposed to be exclusive. Prior to perturbing regarding charges and signing up with anyweb hosting service is significant to analyze your personal requirements. It often seen that people opt the as it is cheap, but without knowing the details as per your need you should not opt only for the cheap price offering. If you do not identify what it obtains to make your website flourish, you may determine yourself paying for functionality which serves no purpose.

It is a fine scheme to put standards of your own at the time looking for cheap web hosting standards the supplier should be able to meet. Be sure to cautiously observe all obtainable plans and get note of the functionality that are provided by the suppliers on the package chosen by you. If you do not completely understand what is being obtainable, you can contact the supplier for more features. You should let them know about all schemes which you are going to host on the website such as graphics, navigation themes, an estimated number of web pages, and more that important for your site. This will help them decide how much bandwidth and disk storage you required, eventually influential which web hosting plan is right for you.

After having all enquires, you should take look of all the functionality and facility, compare it on the various web hosting provider. Some of features may emerge attractive, but keep in mind that all is not forever what it seems. The same service you see nowadays just might not be in survival tomorrow.

There has been no industry standards have been put to delineate the role of the management of dedicated server suppliers. This means that the dedicated web hosting service provider will follow the industry standard but they define the packages according to their standard so their many ranges are available. For some dedicated server suppliers, fully managed is defined as having a web based control panel while other suppliers define it as having dedicated system engineers readily available to handle all server and network related functions of the dedicated server supplier.

Dedicated web hosting server providers describe their level of management based on the services they offer. In contrast, completely managed could equal self managed from supplier to supplier.
Administrative continuance of the operating system, often compromises upgrades, security patches, and from time to time even daemon updates are compromised. Differing types of management may compromise adding new domains, users, daemon configuration, or even custom programming.

Dedicated web hosting server hosting providers may offer the following different types of server managed support:
Fully Managed; It compromises monitoring, updating of software, reboots, security patches and operating system upgrades. Customers are free from any work to do.
Managed It compromises medium level of management, monitoring, updates, and a very limited amount of support. Customers himself carry out specific tasks.
Self Managed It compromises usual monitoring and some maintenance. Customers provide most operations and tasks to dedicated server service provider.
Unmanaged In this no involvement of service supplier. Customers provide all maintenance, upgrades, patches, and security.

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